January 14, 2022

Amlan International to Present New Research During International Production and Processing Expo (IPPE)

Oral abstract presentations will center on new natural feed additive solutions to support optimal intestinal health and microbial balance in poultry.
Two Amlan-sponsored TECHTalks presentations by leading industry researchers will focus on the impact of intestinal microbiota, applications of a Mycotoxin Risk algorithm, and opportunities to improve intestinal health.
IPPE attendees will be able to hear about Amlan technology, interact with Amlan experts, and even hold Amlan’s mineral in their hands at booth B5255.

CHICAGO, Jan. 13, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Amlan International, a global leader in natural, mineral-based feed additives for poultry and livestock production, will provide comprehensive and concise information about natural feed additives that improve the sustainability of poultry production by leveraging unique mineral technology to support optimal intestinal health, to attendees of the International Production and Processing Expo (IPPE) on Jan. 25–27, 2022, in Atlanta, GA.

“Increasing global restrictions on the use of in-feed antibiotics has created a critical need for natural, drug-free feed additives that can help support optimum health and productivity in poultry,” says Fred Kao, Vice President of Global Sales with Amlan International. The global Amlan team invites IPPE attendees to learn more about the Amlan difference in bringing innovative solutions to improve the welfare and sustainability of food production while also ensuring optimum production efficiency.

“Amlan’s core competency and competitive advantage will be on display throughout IPPE this year,” says Heath Wessels, Amlan’s Director of Sales for North America. “Attendees will be able to hear about our technology, interact with our experts and even hold our mineral in their hands at our booth.”

During Alman’s educational TECHTalk presentations, renowned poultry industry experts will share new information on tackling poultry industry challenges. “Oral abstracts and posters of our innovative product R&D will be presented by Amlan researchers during the International Poultry Scientific Forum (IPSF). And during the IPPE trade show at the Amlan booth (B5255), attendees are invited to spend time in conversation with our representatives about key issues impacting the global poultry and livestock industry,” says Wade Robey, PhD, Vice President of Marketing and Product Development.

State-of-the-Art Research to be Presented at TECHTalks

State-of-the-art research about microbial populations inhabiting the intestinal content and the intestinal mucosa of poultry and livestock will be presented by Gerardo M. Nava, DVM, PhD, MSc, Professor of Microbiology at the Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Mexico. Nava’s presentation, Intestinal Microbiota: Opportunities to Improve Intestinal Health, Welfare & Productivity, will be presented January 26, 2022, at 3:30 p.m. Eastern Time (ET), in Hall B, booth B3649.

Carlos Augusto Mallmann, PhD, with the Laboratory of Mycotoxicological Analysis of Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is one of the world’s leading experts in mycotoxins in poultry and livestock production. Mallmann will speak on understanding and implementing the Mycotoxin Risk algorithm, based on variables used to develop a reliable system for diagnosing mycotoxicosis. Mallmann’s TECHTalk, The Mycotoxin Risk, will be January 27, 2022, at 11:00 a.m. Eastern, in Hall B, booth B3649.

IPSF Oral and Poster Abstracts

During the IPSF, January 24–25, 2022, Amlan experts will present two oral abstracts and two posters, selected by IPSF, detailing research designed to support optimal poultry intestinal health and bring the latest production technology to producers. The research presented in the oral abstracts was conducted in collaboration with Imunova Análises Biológicas and University of Arkansas.

Oral Abstract: M52, a novel natural feed additive, preserved mucosal immune and intestinal microbial homeostasis of broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. by Hongyu Xue¹, Fernanda Rigo², Breno Beirão², Celso Fávaro² and Max Ingberman²; ¹Amlan International, Chicago, IL, USA; ²Imunova Análises Biológicas, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Presented January 25, 2022, at 10:15 a.m. ET, in B314.
Oral Abstract: A220, an all-natural feed additive, reduced Salmonella intestinal colonization in broilers and tuned down SPI-1 type III secretion system (TTSS) virulence machinery by Hongyu Xue¹, Dongping Wang¹, LeAnn Johnston¹, Billy Hargis² and Guillermo Tellez²; ¹Amlan International, Chicago, IL, USA; ²Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA. Presented January 25, 2022, at 8:45 a.m. ET, in B315.
Poster number P319: M52, a natural coccidiostat, improved performance, fecal oocyst shedding and intestinal lesion score of Eimeria-infected broilers by Hongyu Xue¹, San Ching¹, and LeAnn Johnston¹; ¹Amlan International, Chicago, IL, USA.
Poster number P320: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of A220, as an in-feed antibiotic alternative for enteric pathogen control in poultry and swine by Hongyu Xue¹, LeAnn Johnston¹, San Ching¹ and Dongping Wang¹. ¹Amlan International, Chicago, IL, USA.

IPPE Booth B5255

Amlan representatives will be interacting with trade show attendees and focusing on Amlan’s core competency of offering consistent, high-value, mineral-based intestinal health feed additives with both producers and the world in mind. Amlan’s products are formulated with safe, natural ingredients that reduce the inputs needed to raise poultry and livestock, helping to decrease the cost and environmental impact of production. Amlan’s unique mineral originates and is processed in the United States and shipped globally from a single source. Amlan products are backed-by extensive research and is supported by Amlan’s parent company, Oil-Dri’s vertical integration.

IPPE will be held in Atlanta, GA, in the Georgia World Congress Center, January 25–27, 2022. Following IPPE, information shared will be available at www.amlan.com.

Company Information
Amlan is the animal health business of Oil-Dri Corporation of America, a leading global manufacturer and marketer of sorbent minerals. Oil-Dri leverages over 80 years of expertise in mineral science to selectively mine and process their unique mineral for consumer and business-to-business markets. Oil-Dri Corporation of America doing business as “Amlan International” is a publicly traded stock on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: ODC). Amlan International sells feed additives across the world. Product availability may vary by country, associated claims do not constitute medical claims and may differ based on government requirements.

Reagan Culbertson
Media Contact
press@amlan.com

January 14, 2022

Petróleos Internacionales del Caribe and SeaOne Holdings Announce Agreement for CGL Technology Licensing MOU

HOUSTON, Jan. 13, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Petróleos Internacionales del Caribe (“PIC”) and its operating division in Mexico Petróleos Internacionales del Caribe Inc., Surcusal México (“PICMEX”) and SeaOne Holdings, LLC (SeaOne™) jointly announced today their agreement to enter into a Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) in principle granting PIC an exclusive license to commercialize SeaOne’s patented Compressed Gas Liquids (CGL™) technology, systems and designs throughout the Americas’ and its 300 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (“EEZ”). PIC’s first use of the license will be fuels supply, terminals, infrastructure, and power projects in México.

Since 2017 PIC evaluated advanced solvation and storage technologies and delivery systems pioneered by SeaOne which meet the ever-changing gas market conditions. PIC’s due diligence process placed a strong emphasis on environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) aspects in addition to total cost. After careful research carried out with SeaOne, PIC selected the CGL technology as the optimal means of delivering natural gas from the United States to its projects in México.

SeaOne’s patented CGL technology is a revolutionary means of transporting and delivering natural gas and natural gas liquids in one liquid gas cargo at moderate, non-cryogenic temperatures. As CGL is stored at a modest pressure and temperature, the boiloff and venting issues associated with Liquefied Natural Gas (“LNG”) does not occur in the CGL containment system while in transit or in storage. Thus, the carbon footprint of the entire value chain from solvation through delivery to the customer is minimized compared to other methods of transporting and delivery of natural gas.

The SeaOne intellectual property covered by the license is supported by 9 core U.S. patents, with supporting engineering and designs. The core CGL patents are the basis of 84 international patents, and 72 global trademarks that cover the composition of CGL (natural gas and natural gas liquids in a solvated solution) and methods for producing, storage, loading and unloading cargo containment systems in the CGLC, and associated onshore and offshore production and receiving terminals. The patents, designs and systems also include various transportation solutions that have been developed by SeaOne.

“The PIC-SeaOne partnership is a powerful combination to supply fuel for our power plants and our customers in Mexico and throughout The Americas,” said Michael Hood, Chairman and CEO of PIC. “Together, utilizing SeaOne’s proprietary systems, PIC will execute industry leading technology solutions to help address the fuel supply and electricity needs of Mexico’s citizens, businesses, and government.” SeaOne’s technical solutions are robust and cutting edge like no other, and will exceed the single most important part of our future “Emissions and Reductions”, of carbon footprints throughout the globe.

“We are very enthusiastic about partnering with PIC,” SeaOne’s Chairman and CEO, Forrest Hoglund, said. “CGL increases access to affordable, lower emission fuels. These projects will provide Mexico, and other countries in Central and South America, and the Americas with affordable fuels and power, as well as significant carbon emissions reductions, a key component in achieving sustainability and balanced ESG goals.”

About Petróleos Internacionales del Caribe and Petróleos Internacionales del Caribe Inc., Sucursal México

Petróleos Internacionales del Caribe (“PIC”) is a global company based in the USA and internationally. The company develops and operates a variety strategic energy related operations with its key partnerships globally. PIC is expanding its operational footprint throughout the Americas that will enhance its customer base energy requirements, and fueling needs throughout 2030 and beyond. Petróleos Internacionales del Caribe Inc., Sucursal México (“PICMEX”) is an affiliate of PIC and is headquartered in Mexico. For more information, please visit www.pic-sas.com

About SeaOne Holdings, LLC

Houston-based SeaOne Holdings, LLC (SeaOne™) is a midstream infrastructure and logistics company that provides a means to deliver and store natural gas and natural gas liquids, from wellhead to market, as a liquid gas cargo using through its patented Compressed Gas Liquid (CGL™) system. SeaOne has developed and secured worldwide patents on a system which transforms the way natural gas and natural gas liquids (NGL) are processed, stored, and delivered globally to markets. The technology enables the delivery of clean fuels to regional markets at a significant discount to the current cost of fuel in the Caribbean, Central and South America. SeaOne aims to remake the energy cost and supply picture for the entire region, catalyzing new opportunities for economic growth and vitality and improving the lives of millions. For more information, please visit www.seaone.com

For media queries, please contact:

Jay Shahidi
PIC USA-PIC Mexico
info@pic-sas.com
+1 714 553 7482

For media queries, please contact:

Langley Wall
SeaOne Holdings, LLC
info@seaone.com
+1 713 739 3043

January 14, 2022

Petróleos Internacionales del Caribe and SeaOne Holdings to Nominate Shipbuilder for CGL Carriers

HOUSTON, Jan. 13, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Petróleos Internacionales del Caribe (“PIC”) and its operating division in Mexico Petróleos Internacionales del Caribe Inc., Sucursal Mexico (“PICMEX”) and SeaOne Holdings, LLC (SeaOne™) jointly announced today that following PIC’s pre-FEED studies for its projects in México, they will nominate the builder of their required Compressed Gas Liquids Carriers (CGLC) by the end of the third to fourth quarter of 2022. This follows PIC and SeaOne’s Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) to enter into an exclusive license agreement for PIC to use SeaOne’s patented Compressed Gas Liquids (CGL™) technology for PIC’s projects in México and throughout the Americas.

PIC will utilize the CGLCs to transport the fuel required by PIC’s combined-cycle power plants in multiple locations in México. The nomination of the shipbuilder will follow an extensive selection process in which shipyards worldwide will be invited to tender. A sizeable fleet of CGLC vessels will be built to transport and deliver natural gas as a liquid gas cargo, Compressed Gas Liquids (CGL™). The shipbuilder to be awarded this contract will enjoy a robust order book for many years.

SeaOne’s patented CGL technology is a revolutionary means of transporting and delivering natural gas and natural gas liquids in one liquid cargo at moderate, non-cryogenic temperatures. As CGL is stored at a modest pressure and temperature, the boiloff, venting and environmental issues associated with Liquefied Natural Gas (“LNG”) does not occur in the CGL containment system while in transit or in storage. Thus, the carbon footprint of the entire value chain from solvation through delivery to the customer is minimized compared to other methods of transporting and delivery of natural gas.

PIC’s natural gas CGL cargoes will be transported and stored within SeaOne’s proprietary containment systems, which is the subject of more than 10 years of development and is fully approved by the American Bureau of Shipping. The Compressed Gas Liquid Carriers (CGLCs) will be classed by the American Bureau of Shipping and fly the flag of The Marshall Islands.

They are designed to meet or exceed the highest international standards for gas carriers and will be among the most technologically advanced ships in the world with a strong emphasis placed on safety and crew comfort. Additionally, during design, particular attention will be made to maximize operating efficiency and minimize emissions of the CGLCs. Each ship will be outfitted to permit a rapid changeover in the type of fuel to be used as technology improvements permit.

About Petróleos Internacionales del Caribe and Petróleos Internacionales del Caribe Inc., Sucursal México

About SeaOne Holdings, LLC

For media queries, please contact:

Jay Shahidi
PIC USA-PIC MEXICO
info@pic-sas.com
+1 714 553 7482

Langley Wall
SeaOne Holdings, LLC
info@seaone.com
+1 713 739 3043

January 14, 2022

Vietnam arrests land rights activist for ‘spreading anti-state materials’

Police in Vietnam have arrested land rights activist Le Manh Ha on charges of spreading anti-state materials on social media, his wife told RFA Thursday.

Ha’s arrest Wednesday already marks the sixth time since the start of this year that authorities have detained people for human rights advocacy.

He had been operating a YouTube account called “People’s Voice Television” and a Facebook account called “Voice of the Vietnamese People,” where he shared his criticisms of the government.

Years ago, the government took his community’s land in Na Hang district in the northern province of Tuyen Quang to build a power plant. He has said that the government has not yet paid him and his former neighbors proper compensation. Since then, Ha has studied Vietnamese law and has helped others with legal advice and petitioning the government.

Police in plainclothes arrested Ha Wednesday in Tuyen Quang’s Chiem Hoa district. They took him to his current home in Tuyen Quang city and searched his house. His family told RFA’s Vietnamese Service that the authorities have not yet provided them with any documentation related to the arrest.

“At about 8:30 a.m. yesterday when I was getting my mother to the hospital, a local resident informed me that the police arrested Ha in Chiem Hoa,” Ha’s wife, Ma Thi Tho said.

“I decided to return home and got back around 9 a.m. and there were many police officers, around 20 or 30 of them, surrounding my home,” she said.

She said the police brought Le Manh Ha to the home at about 10:30 that morning.

“Shortly after his arrival, they read out a house search warrant and an order to prosecute my husband,” she said.

Among the items taken from Ha’s house were books on Vietnamese laws and its constitution.

Tho said police officers told her that her husband was in violation of Article 117 of Vietnam’s penal code, which prohibits spreading propaganda against the state. Article 117 has been described by analysts as a vague set of rules frequently used by authorities to stifle peaceful critics of the country’s one-party communist government.

“The real reason is because he has been fighting for the people,” Tho said.

Le Dinh Viet, Ha’s defense lawyer, said his client has been fighting to correct the injustice of not being compensated for his land during the construction of the hydropower plant.

“He did not break any laws,” Viet said.

The Tuyen Quang hydropower plant began operations in 2008, but the government has not yet finished compensating affected families. Authorities promised to provide 16 square meters of land in Tuyen Quang city for each family, but in 16 years, only half of them have received their plot of land.

While all land in Vietnam is ultimately held by the state, land confiscations have become a flashpoint between citizens and their government. Some small landholders have accused authorities of pushing them aside in favor of lucrative real estate or infrastructure projects, and then paying too little in compensation.

“The Vietnamese government is using criminal law to intimidate and shut down people peacefully protesting against land confiscation,” Phil Robertson, deputy Asia director at Human Rights Watch, said in December 2021 about the arrests of other land rights activists in the country.

“The government should release [everyone] arrested and imprisoned under Article 117, and abolish this abusive law,” he said.

Among the remaining five arrestees this year were Le Thanh Nhat Nguyen, Le Thanh Hoan Nguyen, and Le Thanh Trung Duong, monks at the Peng Lai Temple in the southern province of Long An.

The three monks, along with their previously arrested leader Le Tung Van, were charged with article 331 for “abusing rights to freedom and democrary to violate the State’s interests, legitimate interest of organizations and individuals.”

State media did not reveal their crime, but article 331 is often used in cases involving activists advocating for human rights and religious freedom.

The other two arrestees were Nguyen Thai Hung and his wife Vu Thi Kim Hoang from the southern province of Dong Nai. Hung was in the middle of a livestream when police stormed in and arrested the couple.

Translated by Anna Vu. Written in English by Eugene Whong.

January 14, 2022

China steps up repression in Xinjiang and Tibet, rights group says

China in 2021 increased its repression of ethnic minorities in Tibet and the northwestern region of Xinjiang, severely restricting freedom of religion and pursuing coercive assimilationist policies aimed at creating a single national identity, a rights group said Thursday.

State measures taken in Xinjiang especially constituted “crimes against humanity,” with abuses including mass detention and enforced disappearances, New York-based Human Rights Watch said in its World Report for 2022.

Chinese officials also committed torture, mass surveillance, cultural and religious persecution, forced labor and the separation of families, the rights group said, adding that information flows from the region had largely been blocked during the year.

“Authorities maintained tight control over information, [and] access to the region, already blocked, was further constrained due to COVID-19 movement restrictions,” HRW said.

Some Uyghurs detained by police were confirmed to have been imprisoned, however, “including prominent academic Rahile Dawut, though her alleged crime, length of sentence, and location of imprisonment remained unclear.”

“There were also reports of Uyghurs dying in detention, including biotech researcher Mihriay Erkin, 31, businessman Yaqub Haji, 45, and poet and publisher Haji Mirzahid Kerimi, 82,” HRW said.

Chinese authorities in Tibetan areas meanwhile continue to restrict freedom of religion, expression, movement and assembly, the rights group said. “They also fail to address popular concerns about mining and land grabs by local officials, which often involve intimidation and unlawful use of force by security forces.”

Tightened controls over online communications during the year led to a growing number of detentions in 2021. Tibetans caught communicating with people outside China were harshly punished “regardless of the content of their communications.”

Coercive assimilationist policies also continued during the year, with Chinese language classes made compulsory in schools in ethnic minority areas in 2021 and even kindergartens ordered to use Chinese as a medium of instruction, Human Rights Watch said.

“At least eight Tibetan prisoners or suspects were released due to ill health, some due to torture, four of whom died soon after, though the true number is unknown due to extreme information controls in Tibet,” the rights group added.

Freedoms of movement, expression suppressed

Speaking to RFA, Sophie Richardson — China director at Human Rights Watch — said it has become increasingly difficult for the rights group to get reliable information out of Tibetan areas.

“The Chinese government has used the [COVID-19] pandemic to suppress both the freedom of movement and freedom of expression across the country,” she said.

“We have seen repeated lockdowns and seen it become more difficult for journalists, diplomats and independent activists to move across the country and report freely.”

“If the Chinese government has nothing to hide across the Tibetan plateau, then it should be allowing the free flow of information, not the lack of it,” Richardson said.

The Sinicization of Tibetan religion and language is now the Chinese government’s foremost priority in Tibetan areas, said Tenzin Dorjee, a former commissioner of the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom.

“Now with the appointment of a U.S. special coordinator for Tibetan issues, we urge the U.S. coordinator and the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom to take a stronger position on China’s restrictions of freedom of religion with regard to Tibetan Buddhists inside Tibet,” Dorjee said.

Written in English by Richard Finney, with reporting by Tenzin Dickyi for RFA’s Tibetan Service.

January 14, 2022

World’s Largest Trade Deal: Mix of Business and Diplomacy

The world’s largest free trade pact, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), could help export-reliant Asian companies and may be good diplomacy, experts say.

The trade agreement went into effect Jan. 1.

In Thailand, Prapaipan Manathanya has high hopes for what the trade deal will mean for her company. As the managing director of the Thai rice exporting company CM Premium Rice, she expects the trade pact to increase the “competitive advantage” of her exports because the key markets of China, Japan and South Korea will waive tariffs. Thailand is one of 15 countries that form RCEP.

“There will certainly be advantages, such as creating competitiveness opportunities for Thai products and allowing importers to obtain cheaper products from tax exemption, which may consequently allow them to gain more profits or sell products with cheaper prices,” she said.

RCEP includes countries in the 10-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as well as China, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand. The deal will cut tariffs on more than 90% of goods traded. That means exporters would save money on shipping goods to other countries, including the massive Chinese market. The economies of Indonesia and Vietnam, among others, rely heavily on exports.

In Cambodia, Song Saron, chief executive officer of the exporter Amru Rice Cambodia, said the trade agreement will help his company grow business refining more goods from rice and cassava. He anticipates shipping refined noodles, flour and rice bran oil.

“We have to look for technology to refine products to ensure that it has quality like neighboring countries,” Saron said. “We will try [to make products] to compete in the free-tariff framework.”

A study by the Asian Development Bank, a low-interest lender, says RCEP will increase world real income by $186 billion, all but $21 billion of that in Asia.

RCEP also links complementary supply chains, experts believe. Vietnam, for instance, imports raw materials from China and uses them to make finished goods then exported to China and elsewhere.

Japan’s slow-growing economy should flourish if Tokyo digs deeper into China, said Alan Chong, associate professor at the Singapore-based S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies.

Japanese multinationals see China as both a market and manufacturing base.

And economic improvement will eventually touch countries outside the Asia Pacific, Chong said.

“Free trade is not quite in favor across much of the world, so RCEP may be just what the world needs, and (there) could be what you might call positive ancillary spinoffs when it comes to speeding up global economic recovery, because if (it) increases the volume of trade within its members it will also mean that people who are in manufacturing or even services will extend that demand into non-RCEP economies,” he said.

China calls the pact a tool to close wealth gaps in Asia, state-run media report, and to replace “protectionism” with a more globalized post-pandemic recovery.

“The RCEP will strongly offset the impact of raging protectionism and unilateralism, bringing free trade and multilateral cooperation back to the fore,” China’s official Xinhua News Agency said in a commentary on Jan. 1.

But not every country is onboard with RCEP. India was originally part of the trade negotiations but later backed out due to concerns about what lower-cost imports would do to its industries.

Diplomatic bridge

Diplomatically, the RCEP would especially improve attitudes toward China, where governments from Australia to Japan have been embroiled in political disputes for years or decades, experts say.

“I think relations should improve slowly in this region,” said Jayant Menon, a visiting senior fellow with the ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute’s Regional Economic Studies Program in Singapore. “Especially as we work our way through this pandemic and people focus on getting back to growth again, then the role that China can play becomes more significant.”

RCEP will build goodwill by sparing the tough legal requirements typical of Western-led trade deals, analysts believe.

The 15 members are unlikely to “drag people to court” over any disputes, Menon said, as it’s “not really the Asian way.” Their signatures to the deal do not obligate one another to follow labor or environmental rules to the degree other trade pacts do, he added.

RCEP, at the same time, eases pressure on China to reach separate trade deals with other countries, for example with Japan and South Korea, Menon said. China, Japan and South Korea, already mired in historic political disagreements, have been working on a three-way trade deal since 2012 with no breakthroughs. All three are now RCEP members.

The presence of many countries under one agreement stands to reduce the influence that China as the world’s No. 2 economy has in its two-way deals with inevitably smaller countries that are keen to ship goods to such a large market, said Alexander Vuving, professor at the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, in Hawaii.

“It opens up the opportunity for the other members in RCEP to create this sort of peer pressure, and the weight of the majority in the multilateral setting, theoretically, puts China in a less advantaged position than previously (when) China was able to deal bilaterally with each of the countries in the region,” Vuving said.

Member countries signed the Asia-wide agreement in 2020, bringing together a $26.2 trillion GDP, about 30% of the world’s total.

Complicated relationships

China spars with Japan over World War II history and sovereignty over a chain of islets. China has pared back imports from RCEP member Australia since Canberra called for an inquiry into Beijing as the source of COVID-19. Four Southeast Asian countries, all members of the trade partnership, vie with Beijing over claims to the South China Sea.

Chinese officials handled many of their disputes last year, with few compromises, through a mix of diplomatic and military means.

China and its rivals will find through the trade pact a “common frequency” to explore other “pragmatic” ways of cooperation, Chong said.

Source: Voice of America