Day: November 13, 2021

A Chinese job-placement company transferred more than 3,000 Uyghur workers, including girls as young as 16, from the Xinjiang region to factories in other parts of China this year and plans to send thousands more in early 2022, an RFA investigation has shown.

RFA’s Uyghur Service began investigating after a Chinese-language advertisement circulated on Weibo and WeChat said that more than 2,000 Uyghurs — aged 16 to 30, with good Mandarin Chinese skills, and vocational school degrees, the ad said — would be available to work for two years at sites throughout the country.

The ad did not list a company name but included a phone number that business executives in need of labor could call.

When RFA dialed the number, the woman who answered said the ad was posted by her job-placement company in Sichuan province’s Liangxian prefecture. The company had recently sent more than 3,000 workers from Kashgar (in Chinese, Kashi) to two different locations in China, the woman said.

“They’re no longer available. They’ve already been placed,” said the woman who did not give her name.

“All of them are from Kashgar — Uyghurs,” she said, referring to the oasis city in southern Xinjiang with a population of more than 700,000.

The Uyghurs had been transferred in June to two locations in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, where they receive salaries of 2,000 yuan (U.S. $313) a month, the employee said. The company, in turn, receives a subsidy of 600 yuan per worker per month, she added. But it wasn’t clear if the subsidy was taken out of the workers’ salaries or was a separate payment made to the job-placement company.

Some of the Uyghur workers sent to Nanjing were transferred from the Chinese government’s network of what Beijing calls “re-education” camps in Xinjiang, the recruiter said.

Cheap or forced labor

About 1.8 million Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities are believed to have cycled through the camp system since 2017. The detainees are held against their will and endure inhumane treatment and political indoctrination.

It is not clear how many of the workers offered from Kashgar were part of the camp system

China has said that the camps are an effort to prevent religious extremism and terrorism in the region, where about 12 million mostly Muslim Uyghurs live.

In the four years since the beginning of the mass internment campaign in 2017, researchers have uncovered China’s use of Uyghurs as cheap labor in manufacturing and U.S. customs authorities have blacklisted Xinjiang products including solar-panel material, wigs, electronics, tomatoes and cotton over concerns thy were produced using forced labor..

In a follow-up call from RFA the following day, the same company employee said about 30% of the workers transferred from Kashgar to Nanjing were between the ages of 16 and 18. Previous reports by rights groups have not cited Uyghur teenagers among the forced labor workforce.

All those who were transferred know Mandarin Chinese, the employee said. About 13% of the transferred workers are university graduates, and the rest have some type of schooling. One-third are single women, and the rest are men, the employee said.

Thousands of additional workers are scheduled to be transferred in March 2022, though the company could send them earlier if needed, the employee added.

‘State secret’

She said she had worked with authorities in Kashgar to transfer the workers, though she did not mention the agencies she had been in contact with. Authorities in Kashgar contacted by RFA refused to comment. One official said the transfer of workers constituted a “state secret.”

A Uyghur official at the Kashgar branch of the Xinjiang Women’s Association declined to say whether the workers had been transferred from the detention camps in Xinjiang. She denied that any female workers were part of the transfer.

“No, there was nothing connected to women,” she told RFA. “Had there been, they would have told us. Whatever the matter, you can ask the politics and law committee.”

Earlier RFA investigations into forced Uyghur labor in Kashgar revealed that nine former camp detainees, including Erkin Hashim, who had been released from a camp near the city’s airport, had been working as porters for a freight company at a loading dock in Kashgar city. They earned a monthly salary of 2,200 yuan, but had to surrender 900 yuan of it to staff at the camp in which they were previously held.

An October 2020 RFA investigation into forced Uyghur labor transferred from Imamlirim township in Uchturpan (Wushi) county in the region’s in the region’s Aksu (Akesu) prefecture, found that some local camp detainees had been sent to a factory in Aksu to work as part of a forced labor program.

At the time, a township security official said that “outstanding” graduates from “re-education” centers were forcibly sent to work on three-year contracts at the Aksu Huafu Textile Factory, which produces cotton yarn for clothing manufacturers. He also said that the workers were not allowed to leave to visit their families.

China sees ‘malicious intention’

The facility, which employs mostly Uyghurs, is part of China’s Huafu Fashion Company, which has been identified as part of the forced labor scheme and was placed on the U.S. “Entity List” in May 2020 for human rights violations and abuses.

The investigation followed the September 2020 arrest of Miradil Hesen, a Uyghur resident of Aksu prefecture, who posted videos, recorded in secret, on YouTube highlighting abusive labor practices. The videos were among the growing body of evidence that internment camps in Xinjiang were no longer simply sites for political indoctrination but had become sources of forced labor, with detainees being sent to work in cotton and textile factories.

In his videos, Hesen gave detailed accounts of young women and other ethnic Uyghurs from the Uchturpan county who had been forced to work at the Aksu Huafu Textile Factory 12 hours a day, with only one day free each month.

Miradil was apprehended in eastern China’s Jiangsu province where he said he had been sought by police since August 2018 for downloading Instagram—which is blocked in the country—to his cellphone. He accused Aksu authorities of selling local residents to a company in Jiangsu as though they were slaves.

The veracity of this claim was confirmed by company officials in Jiangsu during the course of RFA’s investigation.

The U.S. government has determined that China’s repression and abuse of Uyghurs in Xinjiang, including, the use of forced labor, constitute genocide and crimes against humanity.

U.S. lawmakers in 2020 and 2021 passed the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act that assumes Xinjiang goods are made under duress of forced labor unless proven otherwise and prohibits them from entering the country.

China angrily rejects criticism of its camp system, forced labor and other practices in Xinjiang that have been labelled genocide by the United States and a handful of European countries.

At a regular news conference in Beijing, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Wang Wenbin told reporters that “the so-called ‘forced labor’ in Xinjiang is an out-and-out lie.”

Responding to a question about the U.S. crackdown on solar energy materials, Wang said the policy “again exposes the U.S. side’s malicious intention to undermine Xinjiang’s development.”

Translated by the Uyghur Service. Written in English by Roseanne Gerin.

An unofficial delegation from North Korea travelled to China for emergency supplies on the same day the newly reopened border was shut down due to a spike in coronavirus cases, sources in China told RFA.

The border with China was closed in January 2020 at the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic, a move that all but destroyed the nascent North Korean market economy, much of which relies on Chinese trade to stay afloat.

Rail trade resumed on Nov. 1, with trains travelling from Dandong, China, over the Yalu River to Sinuiju, North Korea. But eight days later, the link was closed again due to a lockdown in Dandong from a new spike in coronavirus cases.

China typically accounts for more than 90 percent of North Korea’s international trade. North Koreans have held out for almost two years without any Chinese imports, but supplies of many goods are running low.

Sources said the delegation asked Chinese officials in Dandong for cooking oil and seasonings, construction materials and several kinds of fabrics.

“Two train cars crossed the bridge on Nov. 8  from North Korea, and at first we thought it was just a maintenance team coming to inspect the condition of the railroad connection between Sinuiju and Dandong, because we heard they’d be coming,” a Chinese citizen of Korean descent from Dandong told RFA’s Korean Service Wednesday.

“The railway maintenance team were in the front car, but there were three unofficial delegations from Pyongyang in the second car. They were here to request emergency supplies,” said the source, who requested anonymity for security reasons.

The delegation made their way to the North Korean consulate in the city to meet with Chinese officials, according to the source.

“We don’t yet know whether the Chinese officials they met were from the central government in Beijing, or if they were from the local government in Dandong, entrusted to act on behalf of the central government,” the source said.

The discussion in Dandong was not about receiving food aid, according to the source. Reports out of North Korea have indicated that the food situation there is dire, with the government telling people to prepare for shortages that could rival the 1994-1998 famine that killed millions of North Koreans. The shortages have already led to starvation deaths.

But the just-completed harvest appears to have alleviated some of the fear about mass famine in the short-term, the source said.

“Considering that the North Koreans sent their delegation to request supplies to the North Korean consulate, it’s likely that the two governments have already reached an agreement and these were working-level discussions,” said the source.

“The delegation was willing to risk coming into Dandong, where the coronavirus is raging strong. That proves that the shortage of supplies in North Korea is extremely serious,” the source said.

At the beginning of 2021, when it was apparent that the border would stay closed for at least several months, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un called on the country to overcome its food and resource problems in accordance with its founding “juche” ideology, which preaches self-reliance on the individual, local and state level.

“How desperate North Korea must be. The government told the people to endure the border closure by pushing self-reliance, and now here they are, requesting emergency supplies from outside,” a second source in Dandong, also a Chinese citizen of Korean descent, told RFA.

The Chinese officials partially accepted North Korea’s request for the various raw materials, food enhancers and seasonings, and construction materials, the second source said.

“With the coronavirus spreading again in all parts of China, including in Dandong and the three northeast provinces, there’s no telling as to when railway trade will resume. It was supposed to reopen this month,” the second source said.

The halt in trade is not only harmful for North Korea. Chinese trading companies had stocked up to prepare for the reopening, but now must watch the goods sit in warehouses, the second source said.

“The delay in resuming rail trade has resulted in the Chinese companies becoming increasingly impatient,” the source said.

Though rail trade between North Korea and China was suspended for almost two years, RFA reported that China in April 2021 sent a train load of about 300 tons of corn, likely as food aid but registered as animal feed.

Many were hopeful at that time that rail trade would resume, but the border remained closed for another six-and-a-half months before it briefly reopened.

Translated by Leejin Jun for RFA’s Korean Service. Written in English by Eugene Whong.